« Vingt fois sur le métier remettez votre ouvrage… ». C’est le lot du traducteur, qui, au hasard d’une relecture, tombe sur une coquille oubliée, ou une formulation maladroite, et dont le travail n’est jamais terminé en ce sens où il peut toujours être amélioré. Depuis le dépôt légal de la première publication en juillet 2008 j’ai effectué un ensemble de modifications, si bien que celle-ci est dépassée.
Cette seconde édition est augmentée d’une deuxième préface, des lettres de Charlotte READ et de Laura BERTONE, d’un glossaire des termes de sémantique générale, et de schémas sur le différentiel structurel et la démarche scientifique. Elle contient 153 pages.
L’impression est réalisée sur bristol 160 gr, au format A4, la reliure a été renforcée et j’étudie actuellement les possibilités d’une couverture plastifiée.
L’article « LES DIFFERENTES ETAPES DE L’EVOLUTION DE L’OCCIDENT: ARISTOTE, DESCARTES, KORZYBSKI, TROIS VISIONS DE L’HOMME ET DU MONDE », en ligne à http://semantiquegenerale.free.fr/Articles/evol_occ.htm, vient d’être mis à jour et complété.
Une version en pdf, avec les notes en bas de page, plus facile à lire en raison de la longueur du texte, est en ligne à http://www.interzoneeditions.net/ADK.pdf
Isabelle AUBERT-BAUDRON
Alfred Korzybski, photo Institute of General Semantics
Korzybski called general semantics a “non-Aristotelian” logic. This requires clarifications on the meaning of this term and its origin.
Some important elements played a large part in the way Korzybski elaborated general semantics related to his experience of World war 1 : he found out that the mechanisms of thinking which had led to this war were based upon the premices of Aristotelian logic, elaborated 450 BC., which induced relations of opposition and conflict. This logic rested upon the antique vision of mankind and of the world: the earth was conceived as flat, and at the center of the universe. Such a conception was of course obsolete and not valid anymore in the beginning of the twentieth century, as well as Aristotle’s logic. So Korzybski realized the gap between our evolution at the scientific level (XXth century), and in human domains (-450 BC and XVIIth century). He infered that, starting from the physics and mathematics of his time, he might elaborate a new logic fitting to the level of evolution of sciences, which would mentally free mankind from this logic of conflict. He built up general semantics, a a non-Aristotelian logic, upon the researches in modern physics : in the chapter XXXVII of Science and Sanity, “On the notion of “Simultaneity” , he starts from Einstein’s work to integrate in his logic the role of the observer on the result of the observation, which was neglected in the previous logics (Aristotle and Descartes) and the physics they rested upon. This chapter seems to me very important because the reader can state the mathematical demonstrations and understand the scientific basis of general semantics.
Now, to understand what non-Euclidian geometry (XXth century) rests upon, you have to have a minimum of knowledge about Euclidian geometry (antiquity). Hence, before starting the GS teaching, what a non-Aristotelian discipline is about, a minimum of knowledge on Aristotle’s logic seems to me necessary, especially to to become aware of the ways it conditions our mechanisms of thinking and our behaviours, as well as its use in the domain of communication, so to become able to escape from its tricks.
One point to avoid misunderstandings: “non-Aristotelian” does not mean “anti-Aristotelian”:
The meaning of the terms “non-Euclidian”, “non-Newtonian” and “non-Aristotelian” does not mean that those domains would be “opposed” to the previous systems, but that the applications of the first ones, which appeared in the context of the sciences of the previous times, could not apprehend nor solve the new problems inherent in the level of scientific evolution at the Xxth century: for instance, Newton’s physic was helpless to solve problems created by modern technology: impossible to build or repair a computer or a radio with Newton, whose work was previous to the discovery of electricity.
Non-Newtonian physics are not opposed to the one of Newton, they are used to solve problems which did not exist when he was alive.
Those different systems are different element of the same set: without the Euclidian and Aristotalian system, the Newtonian and non-Newtonian ones could not have arisen. See 1. Que signifie « non-aristotélicien » ? (What does « non-Aristotelian » mean ?)
We can compare those steps of evolution of the West to the different ages of a human being: as adults, we do not think nor act anymore as we did when we were born, nor during our childhood. Though our life is different when we are a baby, then a child and then an adult, those different ages are parts of a human life and cannot be opposed.
